Solid-state lighting

Solid-state lighting produces light with semiconductor devices, chiefly light-emitting diodes and organic light-emitting diodes, rather than heated filaments or gas discharges.

Light-emitting diode: A semiconductor device that emits light when electrical current passes through a p–n junction. LEDs are the main devices used in solid-state lighting.
Semiconductor: A material whose electrical conductivity lies between that of an insulator and a conductor and can be controlled. Semiconductor behavior enables electrically controlled light emission.
LED lamp: A lamp that uses one or more light-emitting diodes as its light source. LED lamps replace conventional bulbs in many general-lighting fixtures.
Incandescent light bulb: An electric lamp that produces light by heating a filament until it glows. It is the classic filament-based alternative to semiconductor lighting.
Rebound effect: An increase in resource consumption that offsets some savings gained through improved efficiency. Cheaper, efficient lighting can encourage longer use or more illumination.
Electroluminescence: Light emission from a material driven by an electric field or current. It is the basic light-producing process in semiconductor emitters.
Gallium nitride: A semiconductor compound used in blue and ultraviolet LEDs and power electronics. Blue GaN LEDs enabled efficient white LED sources.
LED display: A display that uses light-emitting diodes to generate or control visible pixels. Semiconductor emitters provide compact, bright display pixels and backlights.
Fluorescent lamp: A gas-discharge lamp in which ultraviolet radiation excites a phosphor coating to emit visible light. It is a widely used discharge-based alternative with different efficiency and disposal concerns.
Light pollution: Unwanted or excessive artificial light that disrupts ecosystems, obscures the night sky, or causes glare. Efficient, easily directed sources can still increase nighttime light if poorly designed.

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