Solvent

A solvent is a substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution. It is usually the component present in greater proportion, though solutions need not be liquid.

Solvation: Solvation is the interaction of solvent molecules with dissolved particles, stabilizing them in a solution. Solvent molecules surround solute particles and help separate them from one another.
Solution: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solvent is one of the substances that makes a solution homogeneous.
Solvent extraction: Solvent extraction separates a substance by transferring it between two immiscible phases according to its relative solubility. It uses different solvent affinities to isolate compounds from mixtures.
Water: Water is a chemical compound with the formula H₂O and is liquid under ordinary terrestrial conditions. It is the most familiar solvent and dissolves many ionic and polar substances.
Polarity: Polarity is an uneven distribution of electrical charge across a molecule or bond. A solvent’s polarity strongly influences which solutes it can dissolve.
Solute: A solute is a substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. It is the substance whose particles become dispersed in the solvent.
Chromatography: Chromatography separates mixture components through their different distributions between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The mobile-phase solvent carries compounds through the separation medium.
Organic solvent: An organic solvent is a carbon-containing liquid used to dissolve other substances. It can dissolve compounds that water does not dissolve well.
Intermolecular force: An intermolecular force is an attraction or repulsion between molecules. These attractions must be disrupted and replaced during dissolution.
Concentration: Concentration is the amount of a constituent present in a specified amount of mixture or solution. It expresses how much solute is dissolved relative to the solution.

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