South African Republic

The South African Republic was an independent Boer state in southern Africa from 1852 to 1902, except for British annexation from 1877 to 1881. Its capital was Pretoria.

Great Trek: The migration of Dutch-speaking settlers from the Cape Colony into southern Africa’s interior during the 1830s and 1840s. The migration carried many future republicans beyond Cape colonial rule.
Pretoria Convention: The 1881 agreement that ended the First Boer War and restored Transvaal self-government under British suzerainty. It restored the republic after the annexation while limiting its foreign relations.
Andries Pretorius: A Voortrekker leader who helped establish Boer authority north of the Vaal and gave Pretoria its name. His leadership helped lay the republic’s political foundations.
Treaty of Vereeniging: The 1902 agreement that ended the Second Boer War and brought the Boer republics under British control. It formally ended the South African Republic’s independence.
Orange Free State: An independent Boer republic established in southern Africa in 1854 and annexed by Britain in 1900. Unlike the South African Republic, it was not restored after British annexation.
Sand River Convention: The 1852 agreement in which Britain recognized the independence of Boer communities north of the Vaal River. It gave the republic’s founders formal British recognition of their independence.
London Convention: The 1884 agreement that replaced the Pretoria Convention and recognized the South African Republic’s greater autonomy. It revised the terms under which Britain recognized the restored state.
Paul Kruger: A Boer statesman who served as president of the South African Republic from 1883 until its defeat in 1902. His presidency spanned the republic’s gold boom and final war with Britain.
Union of South Africa: A self-governing dominion formed in 1910 by uniting the Cape, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange River colonies. The former republic’s territory entered the union as the Transvaal Colony.
Cape Colony: A British colony at southern Africa’s tip, governed by Britain and later granted representative institutions. Its colonial government contrasted with the Boer republic’s claim to independent rule.

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