South Atlantic Ocean

The portion of the Atlantic Ocean between the equator and the Southern Ocean. It connects tropical and polar waters and separates South America from Africa.

Atlantic Ocean: The ocean basin between the Americas and Europe and Africa, extending from the Arctic region to the Southern Ocean. The South Atlantic is the Atlantic's southern basin, bounded northward by the equatorial region.
South Atlantic subtropical gyre: A large clockwise system of surface currents in the South Atlantic subtropics. It organizes much of the basin's wind-driven surface circulation.
South Atlantic fisheries: Commercial and subsistence fisheries operating in South Atlantic waters and adjoining coasts. Upwelling and shelf habitats sustain important catches, especially off southern Africa and South America.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge: A submarine mountain range formed where tectonic plates move apart along the Atlantic Ocean floor. Its southern section runs through the South Atlantic and marks active seafloor spreading.
Atlantic Multidecadal Variability: Long-term fluctuations in Atlantic sea-surface temperatures and related climate patterns. Its South Atlantic expression and causes remain less understood than those in the North Atlantic.
Southern Ocean: The ocean surrounding Antarctica, commonly defined as waters south of 60° south latitude. Its northern boundary is commonly used to mark the South Atlantic's southern limit.
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A system of Atlantic currents that transports heat and water masses between the tropics and high latitudes. Its upper and deep branches pass through the South Atlantic.
South Atlantic shipping: Commercial maritime transport across routes linking South America, Africa, and the Southern Ocean. The basin carries trade between Atlantic-facing ports on both continents.
Walvis Ridge: A submarine volcanic ridge extending westward from the Namibian margin into the South Atlantic. It is a prominent topographic feature on the basin's eastern side.
South Atlantic carbon cycle: The exchange and storage of carbon among the South Atlantic Ocean, atmosphere, and marine life. Its capacity to absorb and store carbon affects estimates of future climate feedbacks.

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