Southwest monsoon

A seasonal wind system that brings rain to South and Southeast Asia from roughly June to September. It forms as land heats relative to surrounding oceans, drawing moisture-laden winds inland.

Intertropical Convergence Zone: A near-equatorial belt where trade winds converge and rising air produces frequent clouds and rain. Its northward seasonal shift helps draw the rain-bearing monsoon circulation across South Asia.
Land–sea breeze: A daily coastal wind reversal caused by land and water heating and cooling at different rates. The monsoon is a much larger seasonal circulation driven by a related land–ocean heating contrast.
Indian summer monsoon rainfall: Rainfall over India during the summer monsoon season, with strong regional and year-to-year variation. It is a central measure of the southwest monsoon's effects on the subcontinent.
Northeast monsoon: A cool-season wind system that brings rainfall to parts of southeastern India and Sri Lanka. It reverses the prevailing wind direction and supplies rain after the southwest monsoon retreats.
Monsoon trough: An elongated low-pressure zone extending across northern India during the summer monsoon. Its position helps organize rainfall and distinguish active from weak monsoon spells.
Asian monsoon: A seasonal atmospheric circulation bringing summer rainfall and winter dryness across much of Asia. The southwest monsoon is the major summer-rain component of this wider system.
South Asian agriculture: The cultivation systems and livelihoods of South Asia, strongly shaped by seasonal rainfall and irrigation. Monsoon rains replenish soils and reservoirs while making planting schedules vulnerable to delays.
East Asian monsoon: A seasonal circulation bringing summer rains and winter winds to China, Korea, and Japan. It belongs to the broader Asian monsoon system but has distinct regional winds and rainfall patterns.
Somali Jet: A strong low-level wind current that flows northeastward off the Somali coast during boreal summer. It carries Arabian Sea moisture toward India and strengthens as the monsoon develops.
Monsoon onset: The seasonal establishment of sustained monsoon winds and rainfall in a region. Its timing marks the start of the southwest monsoon's rainy season at particular locations.

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