Sparidae

Sparidae is a family of marine ray-finned fishes that includes porgies, sea breams, and dentexes, found mainly in temperate and tropical waters.

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Perciformes: Perciformes is a large order of ray-finned fishes that includes many familiar marine groups. Sparidae is traditionally classified within this broad assemblage of spiny-finned fishes.
European seabass: European seabass is a predatory marine fish in the family Moronidae, widely caught and farmed in Europe. It shares markets and habitats with sea breams but belongs to a different fish family.
Labridae: Labridae is a family of marine fishes known as wrasses, many of which have specialized jaws and vivid coloration. Wrasses occupy some of the same reefs and coastal habitats but form a separate family.
Pagrus: Pagrus is a genus of sparids that includes several commercially important sea breams. Its species illustrate the family's role in temperate and subtropical fisheries.
Fish phylogenetics: Fish phylogenetics reconstructs evolutionary relationships among fishes using anatomical and genetic evidence. Phylogenetic studies test how sparid genera and species are related.
Teleost: Teleosts are the largest group of living ray-finned fishes, characterized by highly mobile jaws and a flexible tail skeleton. Every sparid belongs to this major radiation of modern fishes.
Gilthead seabream: Gilthead seabream is a Mediterranean sparid distinguished by a gold band between its eyes. It is one of the most widely farmed and commercially important sparids.
Sciaenidae: Sciaenidae is a family of fishes called drums or croakers, many of which produce sounds using their swim bladders. Croakers can share estuaries and fishing grounds with sparids while belonging to another lineage.
Sparus: Sparus is a genus of sparids whose best-known living species is the gilthead seabream. The genus contains a familiar example of the family's varied tooth forms and coastal ecology.
DNA barcoding: DNA barcoding identifies organisms using short, standardized DNA sequences, commonly from the mitochondrial COI gene. Genetic barcodes can expose misidentifications among similar-looking sparid species.