Speech production

Speech production is the process of creating spoken sounds through coordinated breathing, vocal-fold activity, and movements of the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech structures.

Respiration: The movement of air into and out of the lungs, driven by respiratory muscles. Lung pressure supplies the airflow used to produce most speech sounds.
Speech perception: The process of interpreting speech sounds as linguistic information. Production and perception are distinct processes that share knowledge of speech categories.
Hermann von Helmholtz: A German physicist and physiologist who investigated sound, hearing, and the physiology of vocal production. His acoustic and physiological work helped establish scientific study of voice.
Speech-language pathology: The clinical field concerned with assessment and treatment of communication and swallowing disorders. Clinicians assess and treat difficulties in speech production.
Articulatory phonology: A theory that represents speech sound patterns as coordinated gestures of the vocal tract. It models production directly through overlapping articulatory actions.
Phonation: The production of voice through vibration or other activity of the vocal folds. It converts airflow into the voiced sound source used in speech.
Phonetics: The study of speech sounds, including their production, acoustic properties, and perception. Speech production is the articulatory domain of phonetics.
Raymond H. Stetson: An American psychologist known for a motor theory of speech and research on speech rhythm. His pulse theory treated speech as coordinated sequences of bodily movements.
Apraxia of speech: A motor speech disorder involving impaired planning or programming of speech movements. It distinguishes speech-movement planning problems from muscle weakness.
Task dynamics: A framework that describes movement as the coordination of goal-directed tasks over time. It explains how speech gestures can be coordinated despite variable physical movements.

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