Spinosaurus

Spinosaurus is a genus of large theropod dinosaurs from Cretaceous North Africa, distinguished by elongated neural spines forming a prominent back sail and adaptations associated with aquatic habits.

Theropoda: Theropoda is the dinosaur group that includes birds and all non-avian meat-eating dinosaurs. Spinosaurus belongs to this group, though its anatomy differs sharply from familiar theropods.
Spinosauridae: Spinosauridae is a family of theropod dinosaurs with elongated skulls, conical teeth, and other distinctive adaptations. Spinosaurus is the best-known member of this family.
Ernst Stromer: Ernst Stromer was a German paleontologist who described Spinosaurus from Egyptian fossils in the early twentieth century. His account established the genus from remains later destroyed during World War II.
Aquatic dinosaur: An aquatic dinosaur is a dinosaur adapted to live or feed substantially in water. Spinosaurus is a leading case in debates over whether any non-avian dinosaur was strongly aquatic.
Tyrannosaurus: Tyrannosaurus is a genus of enormous theropod dinosaurs from Late Cretaceous western North America. Unlike Spinosaurus, it had a deep skull and was not known for aquatic specializations.
Neural spine: A neural spine is a projection from a vertebra that provides attachment for muscles and ligaments. The unusually elongated neural spines formed Spinosaurus’s distinctive back sail.
Spinosaurid snout: A spinosaurid snout is a long, narrow dinosaur skull shape with conical teeth suited to seizing prey. Spinosaurus had this skull form, suited to catching fish and other animals.
Baharija Formation: The Bahariya Formation is a Cretaceous geological formation in Egypt known for dinosaur fossils. Stromer’s original Spinosaurus material came from this formation.
Buoyancy: Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an immersed object. Body density and buoyancy affect whether Spinosaurus could submerge and maneuver effectively.
Carcharodontosaurus: Carcharodontosaurus is a genus of large predatory theropods from Cretaceous North Africa. It shared Spinosaurus’s region and broad era but had a different skull and feeding anatomy.

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