Spirometry

Spirometry is a lung-function test that measures how much air a person can exhale and how quickly. Its measurements help identify and assess airflow obstruction and reduced lung volume.

Forced vital capacity: The maximum volume of air forcibly exhaled after a full inhalation. This is the total exhaled volume recorded during the principal forced spirometry maneuver.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A group of lung diseases characterized by persistent airflow limitation. Spirometry is central to confirming persistent airflow obstruction in suspected COPD.
Lung volumes: Measurements describing the amounts of air moved or retained in the lungs. Spirometry measures some lung volumes but cannot directly measure all of them.
Peak flow meter: A portable device that measures peak expiratory flow during a forceful breath. It provides a simpler airflow reading but lacks spirometry’s broader measurements and quality checks.
FEV₁: The volume of air forcibly exhaled during the first second of expiration. This measurement captures how much airflow occurs early in the forced maneuver.
Asthma: A chronic respiratory disease involving variable airway narrowing and inflammation. Spirometry can document variable airflow limitation and response to bronchodilator treatment.
Pulmonary function testing: A set of tests that assess lung function, including airflow, volumes, and gas exchange. Spirometry is one component of this broader evaluation.
Body plethysmography: A test that measures lung volumes, including air trapped in the lungs, using a sealed chamber. Unlike spirometry, it can measure residual volume and total lung capacity.
FEV₁/FVC ratio: The ratio of first-second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity. A low ratio is a key spirometric sign of airflow obstruction.
Restrictive lung disease: A group of conditions that reduce lung expansion and total lung capacity. A reduced forced vital capacity can suggest restriction, but other tests are needed to confirm it.

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