Sport climbing

Sport climbing is roped climbing on routes protected by permanent bolts fixed to rock or an artificial wall. Climbers clip the rope into quickdraws attached to the bolts as they ascend.

Quickdraw: A quickdraw is two carabiners joined by a short sling, used to connect a climbing rope to protection. It links the rope to each bolt while allowing the rope to move as the climber ascends.
Climbing rope: A climbing rope is a purpose-built rope designed to absorb energy and reduce forces during falls. A dynamic rope connects the lead climber to the belayer and stretches during a fall.
Trad climbing: Trad climbing is roped climbing in which the climber places and removes temporary protection in cracks and other features. Unlike sport climbing, it relies on removable gear rather than a line of fixed bolts.
Climbing gym: A climbing gym is an indoor facility with climbing walls, holds, and safety systems for climbing practice. Gyms provide bolted routes for sport climbing regardless of outdoor conditions.
Ray Jardine: Ray Jardine is an American climber and inventor associated with early development of modern sport climbing equipment and methods. His innovations helped establish the equipment and tactics of American sport climbing.
Sport climbing belay: Sport climbing belay is the rope-management practice that arrests a climber's fall using a belayer and a belay device. The belayer takes in rope and catches falls while the climber clips bolts.
Carabiner: A carabiner is a metal loop with a spring-loaded gate, used to connect climbing equipment. Quickdraws use carabiners to connect both bolt and rope.
Bouldering: Bouldering is climbing short, unroped problems above protective mats or spotters. It removes the rope and bolts used on sport routes.
Rock climbing route development: Rock climbing route development is the process of establishing, equipping, and documenting climbing routes. Developers install bolts and establish the routes that make outdoor sport climbing possible.
French grading system: The French grading system is a scale used chiefly in Europe to rate the overall difficulty of rock climbing routes. Its grades became widely used for describing sport routes internationally.

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