Sprain

A sprain is an injury in which a ligament is stretched or torn, usually when a joint is forced beyond its normal range. It can cause pain, swelling, bruising, and joint instability.

Ligament: A band of tough connective tissue that connects bones and helps stabilize joints. A sprain damages this tissue, stretching or tearing its fibers.
Ottawa ankle rules: Clinical decision rules that help determine when ankle or foot radiographs are needed after injury. They help assess whether an apparent ankle sprain may include a fracture.
Strain: An injury involving a muscle or tendon that is overstretched or torn. A sprain affects a ligament; a strain affects muscle or tendon.
Chronic ankle instability: Repeated ankle giving-way or a persistent sense of instability after an ankle injury. It can follow an ankle sprain when stability and sensorimotor control do not fully recover.
Joint instability: Excessive or abnormal movement at a joint because its stabilizing structures do not adequately restrain it. A torn ligament may no longer hold the joint securely.
Radiography: Medical imaging that uses X-rays to create pictures of internal structures, especially bones. X-rays can identify fractures that resemble sprain symptoms.
Fracture: A break in the continuity of a bone. A fracture can cause pain and swelling similar to a sprain.
Recurrent ankle sprain: A new ankle ligament injury occurring after one or more previous ankle sprains. An earlier sprain can increase the chance of another, especially without full rehabilitation.
Sprain grading: A classification of sprains by the extent of ligament injury, commonly into three grades. Grades distinguish mild stretching from partial or complete ligament tears.
PRICE therapy: An acute injury-care approach involving protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation. These measures are commonly used to manage early sprain symptoms.

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