Standardized test

A standardized test is administered and scored under consistent procedures so results can be compared across test takers or occasions.

Test administration: The procedures used to deliver an assessment, including instructions, timing, and permitted materials. Consistent instructions and conditions are central to standardized administration.
Measurement: The assignment of values to attributes according to defined rules. A test turns responses into measurements through explicit scoring rules.
SAT: A standardized college-admissions test used in the United States. It is a prominent example of standardized testing in university admissions.
Portfolio assessment: An assessment based on a curated collection of work showing development or achievement. Portfolios capture extended work that a fixed test session may not show.
Test bias: Systematic score differences unrelated to the intended construct that disadvantage particular groups. Biased items or interpretations can make nominally uniform comparisons unfair.
Test scoring: The process of assigning scores to assessment responses according to defined rules. Scoring rules limit variation between evaluators and testing occasions.
Criterion-referenced test: A test that interprets performance against specified standards or mastery criteria. It compares achievement with a defined standard rather than a norm group.
ACT: A standardized college-admissions test covering English, mathematics, reading, and science. It offers a distinct admissions-testing program alongside the SAT.
Performance-based assessment: An assessment in which people demonstrate skills through tasks or products. It evaluates applied performance rather than relying only on selected responses.
Differential item functioning: A condition in which people from different groups with the same measured ability have different probabilities of answering an item correctly. It offers a statistical way to detect items that behave differently across groups.

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