Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales

The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales are individually administered tests that assess cognitive abilities across a wide age range. They descend from Lewis Terman’s American revision of the Binet–Simon scale.

Intelligence quotient: A score expressing performance on an intelligence test relative to a reference population or age-based norm. The scales report composite IQ scores derived from performance across cognitive domains.
Binet–Simon scale: An early individually administered test developed in France to identify schoolchildren needing educational support. Terman’s American revision, the Stanford–Binet, descended from this scale.
Intellectual disability: A developmental condition involving significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. The scale can contribute to assessing intellectual functioning, alongside adaptive-behavior evidence.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: An individually administered intelligence test designed for adults and older adolescents. It is a major alternative for assessing adult cognitive abilities.
Adaptive behavior: The practical, social, and conceptual skills people use to meet everyday demands. Adaptive functioning helps distinguish test-measured ability from everyday functioning in intellectual-disability assessment.
Lewis Terman: An American psychologist who revised the Binet–Simon intelligence test at Stanford University. His 1916 revision established the Stanford–Binet name and its American form.
Gifted education: Educational services and practices designed for students with unusually advanced abilities or learning needs. High scores may inform identification, though programs use additional criteria and evidence.
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: An individually administered intelligence test for children and adolescents. It is a widely used alternative for assessing children’s cognitive abilities.
Fluid intelligence: The ability to reason and solve novel problems without relying chiefly on acquired knowledge. The scales assess reasoning with unfamiliar material as one dimension of cognitive ability.
Alfred Binet: A French psychologist who helped develop an early intelligence test for identifying children needing educational assistance. His work with Théodore Simon supplied the test Terman later revised.

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