Stanley Cohen

Stanley Cohen is an American geneticist who developed methods for cloning recombinant DNA in bacteria with Herbert Boyer, helping establish genetic engineering.

Recombinant DNA: DNA molecules formed by joining genetic material from different sources. Cohen’s cloning work enabled recombinant DNA to be copied inside bacterial cells.
Herbert Boyer: An American biochemist who developed recombinant DNA techniques with Stanley Cohen. Boyer’s restriction-enzyme expertise complemented Cohen’s work with plasmids.
Genetic engineering: The deliberate alteration of an organism’s genetic material using laboratory techniques. Cohen and Boyer’s method provided a practical foundation for manipulating genes.
Annie Chang: A microbiologist who collaborated with Stanley Cohen on plasmid research. Chang worked with Cohen on the bacterial plasmids central to his research program.
Plasmid: A small DNA molecule, usually circular, that replicates independently of a cell’s chromosome. Cohen used plasmids as carriers for inserted DNA in bacteria.
Paul Berg: An American biochemist whose laboratory created an early recombinant DNA molecule. Berg’s work helped establish the molecular possibilities that Cohen and Boyer turned into a cloning method.
Biotechnology: The use of organisms, cells, or biological molecules to make products and solve problems. Recombinant DNA cloning became a core technique in modern biotechnology.
David A. Jackson: A molecular biologist who collaborated with Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer on recombinant DNA experiments. Jackson participated in the collaboration that demonstrated recombinant DNA cloning in bacteria.
Restriction enzyme: An enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific nucleotide sequences. Restriction enzymes supplied the precise DNA cuts used in recombinant plasmid construction.
Restriction mapping: A method for determining the positions of restriction-enzyme cut sites in DNA. Cohen’s plasmid research used restriction analysis to characterize DNA molecules.

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