State Duma

The State Duma is the lower house of Russia’s Federal Assembly. It passes federal laws, approves the prime minister’s appointment, and exercises other powers defined by the Russian Constitution.

Federal Assembly of Russia: Russia’s national legislature, composed of the State Duma and the Federation Council. The Duma shares federal legislative authority with this upper chamber.
State Duma of the Russian Empire: An elected legislative body established in the Russian Empire after the 1905 Revolution. It shares the name but was an imperial institution, distinct from today’s constitutional chamber.
Vyacheslav Volodin: A Russian politician who has served as chairman of the State Duma since 2016. As speaker, he directs plenary proceedings and represents the chamber institutionally.
1993 Russian legislative election: The first election to the State Duma established under Russia’s 1993 Constitution. Its results formed the initial membership of the present-day chamber.
Congress of People's Deputies of Russia: Russia’s highest representative state body from 1990 until its dissolution in 1993. It was the legislature involved in the 1993 crisis, before the current Duma was established.
Legislative process in Russia: The constitutional procedures by which bills become federal laws in Russia. Duma passage is one stage; the Federation Council and president also have defined roles.
Russian Revolution of 1905: A wave of strikes, uprisings, and political unrest that compelled Nicholas II to accept limited reforms. The unrest led to the creation of the imperial Duma, the name’s earlier legislative precedent.
Boris Gryzlov: A Russian politician who chaired the State Duma from 2003 to 2011. His tenure coincided with United Russia’s consolidation of a dominant parliamentary position.
2021 Russian legislative election: The September 2021 election that selected members of the eighth State Duma. It illustrates the electoral system and party composition of the current convocation.
Supreme Soviet of Russia: The standing legislature of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and early Russian Federation before 1993. It was replaced by the Federal Assembly under the post-crisis constitutional order.

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