Steam reforming

Steam reforming reacts hydrocarbons with steam at high temperatures, usually over a catalyst, to produce synthesis gas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Steam–methane reforming: A catalytic process that reacts methane with steam to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is the dominant industrial form of steam reforming.
Hydrogen production: The industrial and other processes used to produce hydrogen gas. Steam reforming is the leading route for producing hydrogen at industrial scale.
Carbon dioxide emissions: Carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by natural processes and human activities. Reforming and its furnace fuel release carbon dioxide unless emissions are captured.
Electrolysis of water: The use of electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Unlike reforming, it uses water and electricity rather than hydrocarbon feedstock.
Water–gas shift reaction: A reaction between carbon monoxide and steam that produces carbon dioxide and hydrogen. It increases hydrogen yield after the reformer produces carbon monoxide.
Ammonia production: The industrial synthesis of ammonia, primarily by combining nitrogen and hydrogen. Reformer-derived hydrogen is a major feedstock for ammonia synthesis.
Carbon capture and storage: The capture of carbon dioxide followed by its transport and long-term geological storage. It can reduce emissions from reformer gas and the heat supplied to reformers.
Partial oxidation: A process that reacts hydrocarbons with limited oxygen to produce synthesis gas. It can produce synthesis gas without the same direct steam-reforming reaction.
Nickel catalyst: A catalyst containing nickel that accelerates reactions such as hydrocarbon reforming. Nickel-based catalysts commonly drive the reforming reactions.
Methanol production: The industrial manufacture of methanol, commonly from synthesis gas. Reforming supplies the synthesis gas used in many methanol plants.

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