Stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism is isomerism in which molecules have the same atom connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms.

Constitutional isomerism: Isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula but different atom connectivity. It contrasts with stereoisomerism by changing which atoms are bonded.
Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules: Rules for ranking substituents attached to a stereogenic unit by atomic number and subsequent tie-breakers. These rules assign consistent labels to stereochemical arrangements.
Enantiomer: One of a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images. Enantiomers are a principal relationship between pairs of stereoisomers.
Enantioselective synthesis: A chemical synthesis designed to produce one enantiomer preferentially over its mirror-image counterpart. It controls which stereoisomer forms in making chiral molecules.
Molecular geometry: The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule, shaped by bonding and electron interactions. Stereoisomers share connectivity but differ in molecular geometry.
R–S notation: A system that labels tetrahedral stereogenic centers as R or S using priority rules. It names configurations at stereogenic centers in many stereoisomers.
Diastereomer: One of two stereoisomers that are not related as non-superimposable mirror images. Diastereomers contrast with enantiomers and often have different physical properties.
Chiral resolution: The separation of a mixture of enantiomers into its individual components. It isolates stereoisomers that ordinary achiral separation methods may not distinguish.
Configuration (chemistry): The fixed spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule that cannot change without breaking bonds. Configuration distinguishes stereoisomers that do not interconvert by simple bond rotation.
E–Z notation: A system that describes the relative positions of highest-priority substituents across a double bond. It specifies the configurations of many geometric stereoisomers.

Linked from 20 pages