Subh-i-Azal

Subh-i-Azal was the title of Mírzá Yaḥyá Núrí, a 19th-century Bábí leader and half-brother of Bahá’u’lláh. He led the Bábí community during its divisions and exile in the Ottoman Empire.

The Báb: The founder of Bábism, a religious movement that began in Persia in 1844. The Báb appointed Subh-i-Azal as a nominal successor in writings whose authority became disputed.
Bábism: A religious movement founded by the Báb in 19th-century Persia. Subh-i-Azal’s leadership arose within this movement and its contested succession.
Baghdad Bábí community: The Bábí community that gathered in Baghdad after the movement’s persecution in Persia. Subh-i-Azal’s influence was tested among Bábís living together in exile.
Bahá’í Faith: A monotheistic religion founded by Bahá’u’lláh in the 19th century. Its emergence transformed the succession dispute into a division between Bahá’ís and Azalís.
Bahá’u’lláh: The founder of the Bahá’í Faith and a prominent early Bábí. His claim to fulfill the Báb’s promises directly challenged Subh-i-Azal’s authority.
Persian Bábí community: The network of Báb’s followers in 19th-century Persia. Subh-i-Azal’s early authority depended on communications with this dispersed community.
Adrianople: The Ottoman city now known as Edirne, where Bahá’u’lláh and Subh-i-Azal lived in exile. The brothers’ separation there made their competing leadership claims explicit.
Azali Bábism: The branch of Bábism that recognizes Subh-i-Azal’s authority and rejects Bahá’u’lláh’s claim. It preserves the religious lineage associated with Subh-i-Azal.
Mírzá Ḥusayn-‘Alí Núrí: The birth name of Bahá’u’lláh, an Iranian religious leader who founded the Bahá’í Faith. He was Subh-i-Azal’s older half-brother and principal rival in the succession dispute.
Letters of the Living: The first eighteen followers whom the Báb recognized as a distinct group. Their early prominence offers context for the leadership networks preceding Subh-i-Azal.

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