Subhas Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist who led the Indian National Army in its campaign against British rule during World War II. He sought independence through armed struggle and international alliances.

Mahatma Gandhi: An Indian independence leader who organized mass nonviolent resistance against British rule. Bose broke with Gandhi over strategy, especially the role of nonviolence and armed resistance.
Indian National Army: A military force of Indian soldiers formed in Southeast Asia to fight British rule during World War II. Bose became its commander and reshaped it into the armed force of his independence campaign.
Indian National Congress: A political organization founded in 1885 that became the leading force in India’s independence movement. Bose rose to national prominence within Congress before breaking with its leadership over strategy.
Indian independence movement: The political struggle that ended British rule in India in 1947. Bose’s armed campaign was one strand of a broader movement with competing strategies.
Jawaharlal Nehru: An Indian nationalist leader who became independent India’s first prime minister. Nehru and Bose belonged to the Congress leadership but diverged over political strategy.
Provisional Government of Free India: A government-in-exile proclaimed by Subhas Chandra Bose in Singapore in 1943. Bose used it to claim political authority and secure recognition from Japan and its allies.
Presidency College, Kolkata: A higher-education institution in Kolkata, founded in 1817 and attended by Subhas Chandra Bose. Bose’s expulsion after a conflict with a British professor marked an early confrontation with colonial authority.
INA trials: The 1945–1946 court-martial proceedings against Indian National Army officers at the Red Fort in Delhi. The trials provoked public protests that amplified support for independence and the INA’s soldiers.
Clement Attlee: British prime minister from 1945 to 1951, during the transfer of power in India. Attlee’s government oversaw the end of British rule that Bose had fought to hasten.
Azad Hind Radio: A radio service used by Subhas Chandra Bose to broadcast messages supporting Indian independence. Its broadcasts carried Bose’s appeals to Indians beyond the INA’s military reach.

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