Submarine cable

A cable laid on the seabed to carry telecommunications signals or electrical power between locations. Its route, protection, and repair must account for ocean depth and seabed hazards.

Submarine communications cable: A seabed cable that carries telecommunications signals between land-based stations. Its fiber-optic cores carry most international data across oceans.
Submarine telegraph cable: A seabed cable that transmits telegraph signals between distant locations. Telegraph cables were the first submarine communications cables.
International telecommunications: The exchange of information across national borders using communications networks. Submarine telecommunications cables carry most intercontinental data traffic.
Internet infrastructure: The physical systems that carry and route data across the internet. Submarine cables form the long-distance foundation of global internet connectivity.
Satellite internet: Internet access delivered through communications satellites and ground terminals. Satellite links offer coverage where submarine cables cannot directly connect users.
Optical fiber: A thin strand of glass or plastic that guides light by internal reflection. Modern telecommunications cables transmit information as light through optical fibers.
First transatlantic telegraph cable: The 1858 cable that briefly carried telegraph messages between Ireland and Newfoundland. Its short-lived operation marked the first transatlantic telegraph connection.
Electrical interconnector: A transmission link that allows electricity networks in different regions to exchange power. Submarine power cables can join grids separated by seas.
Cable fault: A break or other failure that disrupts a submarine cable's operation. Faults can interrupt communications or power until repair crews restore the link.
Geostationary satellite: An Earth-orbiting satellite that appears stationary above a point on the equator. Its long signal path creates more latency than transoceanic fiber-optic cables.

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