Substation

A substation is an installation that switches, transforms, or distributes electrical power within a transmission or distribution network. It connects power lines and equipment while controlling voltage and directing flows.

Power transformer: An electrical device that transfers energy between circuits by electromagnetic induction, usually changing voltage and current. It raises or lowers voltage as power enters or leaves many substations.
Electric power transmission: The bulk transfer of electrical energy from generating stations toward areas of consumption. Substations connect transmission routes and prepare power for onward delivery.
Transmission substation: A substation that connects high-voltage transmission lines and may transform power between transmission voltage levels. It manages bulk power flows between major transmission routes.
Gas-insulated switchgear: High-voltage switchgear whose live components are enclosed in grounded metal housings insulated by gas. It takes less space than air-insulated equipment, but can cost more and complicate maintenance.
Circuit breaker: A switching device that interrupts electric current, including fault current, to protect circuits and equipment. It isolates a faulted line or piece of equipment without shutting down the entire network.
Electric power distribution: The delivery of electricity from substations through local networks to consumers. Distribution substations feed the lower-voltage circuits serving towns and neighborhoods.
Distribution substation: A substation that reduces transmission or subtransmission voltage for local distribution networks. It supplies feeders that carry electricity toward local customers.
Air-insulated switchgear: High-voltage switchgear that uses air as insulation between exposed energized components. It is the conventional alternative to compact gas-insulated equipment and needs more clearance.
Disconnect switch: A mechanical switch that creates a visible isolation gap but is generally not designed to interrupt load current. It provides safe isolation after a circuit breaker has interrupted the current.
Electrical grid: An interconnected system of generators, transmission lines, substations, and distribution networks. A substation is one of the grid’s connection and control points.

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