Suction filtration

Suction filtration separates suspended solids from a liquid by reducing pressure beneath a filter, drawing liquid through while solids remain on its surface.

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Vacuum filtration: Filtration that uses reduced pressure to move fluid through a porous medium. Suction filtration is a laboratory form of this broader pressure-driven method.
Vacuum drying: Removal of moisture from a material under reduced pressure. Continued suction can remove residual liquid from a collected solid after filtration.
Filtration: Separation of suspended particles from a fluid by passing the mixture through a porous medium. Suction filtration is a pressure-assisted subtype of this separation process.
Gravity filtration: Filtration driven by gravity rather than an applied pressure difference. It is slower but useful when the liquid, rather than the retained solid, is the desired product.
Büchner funnel: A funnel with a perforated flat plate that supports filter paper during vacuum filtration. Its flat perforated base supports the solid cake while suction pulls liquid through.
Recrystallization: A purification method that dissolves a solid and recovers purer crystals by cooling or solvent removal. Suction filtration commonly collects crystals after they form in a recrystallization.
Porous medium: A solid material containing interconnected or isolated pores through which fluids may pass. The filter's pores determine which particles are retained and how readily liquid flows.
Centrifugation: Separation of mixture components by rotation that produces centrifugal acceleration. It can separate fine particles that pass through a filter or clog its pores.
Filter flask: A thick-walled flask with a sidearm for connection to a vacuum source. The sidearm connects the collection vessel to suction without interrupting filtration.
Washing (chemistry): Rinsing a solid to remove soluble contaminants without dissolving the desired material. A wash solvent can be drawn through the retained cake to remove impurities.