Sudanese Revolution

A popular uprising that began in Sudan in December 2018, ended Omar al-Bashir’s rule in April 2019, and opened a contested transition toward civilian government.

Sudanese Professionals Association: A coalition of Sudanese professional unions that helped organize and coordinate protests against Omar al-Bashir’s government. Its organizing and calls for demonstrations helped turn local protests into a sustained national movement.
Sudan bread protests: Protests that began in Sudan in December 2018 amid rising bread prices and shortages, then spread into a nationwide uprising. The demonstrations began over economic grievances and quickly widened into demands for political change.
Alaa Salah: A Sudanese student and protester whose image addressing a crowd in Khartoum became an emblem of the uprising. Her public presence brought international attention to women’s participation in the protests.
Sudanese coup d'état of 2021: The October 2021 military takeover that dissolved Sudan’s transitional government and detained civilian leaders. The coup reversed the fragile power-sharing arrangement created after the revolution.
Civil disobedience: The deliberate refusal to obey laws or authorities as a form of nonviolent political action. Strikes and other forms of noncooperation increased pressure on Bashir’s government.
Omar al-Bashir: Sudan’s president from 1989 until his removal by the military in April 2019. His government was the target of the uprising, after three decades of authoritarian rule.
Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo: A Sudanese military commander known as Hemedti who led the Rapid Support Forces and became a leading transitional power broker. His military influence complicated civilian efforts to secure control of the transition.
Sudan war: An armed conflict that began in Sudan in April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces. The unresolved rivalry between armed forces became open war after the transition collapsed.
Sudanese Armed Forces: Sudan’s national military, which removed Omar al-Bashir from power in April 2019. The military ended Bashir’s rule but retained power during the contested transition.
Sudanese economy: The economic system of Sudan, shaped by oil loss, inflation, currency shortages, and reliance on agriculture and exports. Rising prices and shortages helped spark the first demonstrations.

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