Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid is a strong, highly corrosive mineral acid with the formula H₂SO₄. It is widely used in chemical manufacturing and lead–acid batteries.

Acid dissociation constant: A quantitative measure of how readily an acid donates protons in solution. The first dissociation of sulfuric acid is effectively complete in dilute aqueous solution.
Contact process: The industrial process that converts sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide and then sulfuric acid. It is the principal modern route for manufacturing sulfuric acid.
Jabir ibn Hayyan: An influential eighth- to ninth-century alchemist associated with early Arabic works on chemical substances and processes. Later accounts connect the alchemical tradition associated with him to the preparation of mineral acids.
Hydrochloric acid: A strong mineral acid with formula HCl, formed from hydrogen and chlorine. Unlike sulfuric acid, it is not a strong dehydrating agent and contains no oxygen.
Sulfuric acid dehydration: The removal of water from substances by concentrated sulfuric acid. Its strong affinity for water lets it dehydrate materials such as sugar.
Lead–acid battery: A rechargeable battery that uses lead electrodes and sulfuric acid electrolyte. Sulfuric acid participates directly in the cell's discharge and recharge reactions.
Vitriol: A historical name for sulfate minerals and, by extension, substances and acids obtained from them. Sulfuric acid was historically called oil of vitriol because it could be distilled from vitriols.
Nitric acid: A strong mineral acid with formula HNO₃ and notable oxidizing properties. Both are industrial acids, but nitric acid supplies nitrogen and behaves differently as an oxidizer.
Sulfuric acid–water system: The composition-dependent properties and phase behavior of mixtures of sulfuric acid and water. Mixing releases substantial heat, so acid is added to water rather than the reverse.
Phosphate fertilizer: A fertilizer that supplies phosphorus in forms plants can absorb. Sulfuric acid reacts with phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid and superphosphate fertilizers.

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