Sultan Agung of Mataram

Sultan Agung ruled the Mataram Sultanate from 1613 to 1645, expanding its power across Java and leading campaigns against the Dutch East India Company.

Siege of Batavia (1628–1629): Mataram's two failed military campaigns against the Dutch stronghold of Batavia in 1628 and 1629. The sieges were Sultan Agung's most direct attempt to expel the Dutch from Java.
Sutawijaya: The founder of the Mataram kingdom, also known as Panembahan Senapati, who ruled from the late sixteenth century. He established the dynasty and territorial base that Sultan Agung later enlarged.
Javanese calendar: A calendar system used in Java that combines elements of the Islamic lunar calendar and the older Saka calendar. A calendar reform associated with Sultan Agung became a lasting marker of his reign.
Jan Pieterszoon Coen: A Dutch colonial administrator who served twice as governor-general of the Dutch East India Company. Coen led the Dutch establishment of Batavia, the stronghold Sultan Agung tried to capture.
Mataram Sultanate: A Javanese kingdom that became a dominant power in central and eastern Java during the seventeenth century. It was the state whose armies and authority Sultan Agung expanded.
Panembahan Hanyakrawati: The second ruler of Mataram, who reigned from 1601 to 1613 and was also known as Seda ing Krapyak. His death in 1613 brought his son Sultan Agung to the throne.
Imogiri: A royal cemetery complex in Yogyakarta, built as the burial place of Mataram rulers. Sultan Agung founded its royal burial tradition and was buried there.
Treaty of Giyanti: The 1755 treaty that divided Mataram between the courts of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Unlike Sultan Agung's expansion, the treaty formalized Mataram's later fragmentation.
Batavia: The Dutch East India Company's fortified headquarters on Java, founded in 1619 on the site of present-day Jakarta. Its defenses and supply lines shaped the outcome of Sultan Agung's sieges.
Kotagede: A historic town in Yogyakarta that served as the early capital of the Mataram kingdom. It was the dynastic center from which the Mataram state grew before Sultan Agung's reign.

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History of Southeast AsiaRelated: His campaigns reveal the contests between Javanese power and the Dutch East India Company.