Sun protection

Sun protection comprises measures that reduce exposure to sunlight, especially ultraviolet radiation that can damage skin and eyes.

Sunscreen: A topical product that reduces ultraviolet radiation reaching the skin when applied correctly. It provides direct skin protection and is most reliable alongside shade and clothing.
Ultraviolet radiation: Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light and longer than X-rays. It is the main part of sunlight that sun-protection measures are designed to limit.
Skin cancer: A group of cancers arising from skin cells, with ultraviolet radiation a major preventable risk factor. Reducing cumulative and intense UV exposure lowers a preventable contributor to these cancers.
Tanning: Darkening of skin pigment after ultraviolet exposure or artificial tanning, often reflecting a biological response to damage. A tan is not a safe substitute for protection and offers only limited natural shielding.
Sun protective clothing: Clothing designed or selected to limit ultraviolet radiation reaching the skin. Fabric can cover large areas without needing repeated topical application.
Ultraviolet A: The longest-wavelength ultraviolet band reaching Earth's surface, associated with skin aging and deeper penetration. Many protection strategies must address UVA as well as sunburn-producing UVB.
Melanoma: A potentially aggressive cancer arising from pigment-producing melanocytes, often in the skin. Severe sunburn and ultraviolet exposure are among its preventable risk factors.
Indoor tanning: Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from tanning beds or lamps to darken the skin. It adds UV exposure rather than providing a protective alternative to sunlight.
Sun hat: A hat with a brim or other design that shades the face, ears, and neck. A broad brim protects areas that sunscreen can miss or wear off.
Ultraviolet B: An ultraviolet band that causes sunburn and contributes to skin cancer, with much absorbed by the atmosphere. Preventing UVB exposure is central to reducing sunburn and UV-related skin damage.

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