Sunda Trench

The Sunda Trench is a deep-sea trench marking the convergent boundary where the Indo-Australian Plate descends beneath the Sunda Plate south and west of Indonesia.

Sunda megathrust: The shallow fault interface where the Indo-Australian Plate slides beneath the Sunda Plate. This plate-boundary fault continues landward from the trench and generates great earthquakes.
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami: A magnitude 9.1–9.3 megathrust earthquake off northern Sumatra that generated a devastating Indian Ocean tsunami. Its rupture began on the Sunda megathrust near the trench.
Subduction zone earthquake: An earthquake caused by slip or deformation where one tectonic plate descends beneath another. This broad class includes the large interplate ruptures along the Sunda boundary.
Sunda Arc: A volcanic island arc formed above the subducting Indo-Australian Plate in Indonesia. Its volcanoes are the inland expression of the same subduction system as the trench.
Subduction: The process by which one tectonic plate descends beneath another into the mantle. The trench is the surface expression of the plate descent occurring along this boundary.
2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake: A magnitude 8.6 earthquake west of Sumatra that ruptured a section of the Sunda megathrust. It followed the 2004 rupture along the same subduction margin.
Tsunami warning system: A network of sensors and procedures that detects tsunamis and distributes alerts. Seismic and sea-level observations near the trench help trigger Indian Ocean warnings.
Sumatra: A large Indonesian island lying beside the western segment of the Sunda subduction margin. The trench runs offshore from Sumatra, where the plate boundary bends and produces major earthquakes.
Indo-Australian Plate: A major tectonic plate encompassing the Indian Ocean floor and the Australian continent. Its oceanic crust descends beneath the Sunda region at the trench.
2007 Bengkulu earthquakes: A pair of large earthquakes off southwest Sumatra that ruptured the Sunda megathrust. They demonstrate how separate megathrust segments along the trench can fail in sequence.

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