Sunrise

Sunrise is the daily appearance of the Sun above the horizon as Earth rotates. Its observed time and direction vary with location, season, and atmospheric conditions.

Earth's rotation: Earth spins around an axis once roughly every 24 hours, carrying locations into and out of sunlight. A location enters daylight as rotation brings the Sun above its horizon.
Solar time: A timekeeping system based on the Sun's apparent daily motion across the sky. Sunrise provides a local reference for apparent solar time.
Sunrise table: A published or calculated listing of sunrise times for specified places and dates. Tables turn the event into local times for planning daily activities.
Sunset: The daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon as Earth rotates. It is sunrise's evening counterpart, marking the transition out of daylight.
Horizon: The apparent boundary separating the sky from the ground or sea, shaped by viewpoint and terrain. Sunrise occurs when the Sun crosses this apparent boundary.
Latitude: A geographic coordinate measuring angular distance north or south of the equator. Latitude strongly affects sunrise direction and seasonal daylight changes.
Prayer times in Islam: Daily Islamic prayer times determined by the Sun's position and other rules. The end of the dawn prayer window is tied to sunrise.
Civil dawn: The beginning of morning twilight, when the Sun is six degrees below the horizon. It precedes sunrise, despite often being called dawn in everyday speech.
Atmospheric refraction: The bending of light as it travels through air layers of differing density. It makes the Sun appear above the horizon before its geometric position clears it.
Longitude: A geographic coordinate measuring angular distance east or west of a reference meridian. Longitude shifts local sunrise time relative to other places in a time zone.

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