Supersymmetry

Supersymmetry is a proposed symmetry that relates bosons to fermions by pairing particles whose spins differ by one-half unit. It extends the spacetime symmetries used in particle physics.

Supersymmetry algebra: The graded algebra of generators that transforms bosonic states into fermionic states and vice versa. Its anticommutation relations encode the particle-pairing rule.
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model: The smallest supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model that gives each known particle a superpartner and adds a second Higgs doublet. It is the best-known framework for applying supersymmetry to particle physics.
Jurić Wess: An Austrian theoretical physicist who co-developed early four-dimensional supersymmetric quantum field theories. His work with Bruno Zumino helped establish supersymmetry in particle physics.
Standard Model: The experimentally tested quantum field theory describing known elementary particles and three fundamental interactions. It contains no supersymmetry or superpartners, despite its success in particle experiments.
Supermultiplet: A set of particle states linked to one another by supersymmetry transformations. Supersymmetry groups partner particles into representations of its algebra.
Neutralino: A neutral mass eigenstate formed from mixtures of supersymmetric partners of neutral electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons. In many models, the lightest neutralino is a dark matter candidate.
Bruno Zumino: A theoretical physicist whose work helped formulate supersymmetric quantum field theories in four dimensions. The Wess–Zumino model became a foundational example of supersymmetric field theory.
Hierarchy problem: The puzzle of why the Higgs boson mass remains far below the highest energy scales in fundamental physics. Supersymmetry was proposed as a way to stabilize the Higgs mass against quantum corrections.
Superpartner: A hypothetical particle related by supersymmetry to a known particle with spin differing by one-half. Each known particle would have a partner with a different spin.
Supersymmetric dark matter: Dark matter candidates arising from supersymmetric particles, often stable when a symmetry such as R-parity is conserved. A stable lightest superpartner could account for some or all dark matter.

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