Knowra Supreme Court of India Supreme Court of India India’s highest court, exercising final appellate authority and interpreting the Constitution. It also resolves certain disputes between the Union and the states and can review its own judgments.
Appellate jurisdiction : A court’s authority to review decisions made by lower courts or tribunals. The Court’s final appellate authority lets it review civil, criminal, and constitutional decisions.
Constitution of India : The supreme law of India, establishing its institutions, allocating powers, and protecting rights. It creates the Court and defines the powers the Court interprets.
Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala : A 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that Parliament cannot alter the Constitution’s basic structure. It established a lasting limit on Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution.
Parliament of India : India’s national legislature, consisting of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. Parliament makes laws, while the Court interprets them and tests their constitutionality.
Article 32 of the Constitution of India : A constitutional provision giving people the right to approach the Supreme Court to enforce fundamental rights. It gives the Court a direct route to remedy violations of fundamental rights.
Chief Justice of India : The head of the Indian judiciary and presiding judge of the Supreme Court of India. The Chief Justice leads the Court and assigns cases to benches.
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India : A 1978 Supreme Court decision interpreting personal liberty under Article 21 broadly and linking it to fair procedure. It expanded the Court’s interpretation of the constitutional right to life and liberty.
President of India : India’s constitutional head of state, exercising powers assigned by the Constitution, generally on ministerial advice. The President may seek the Court’s advisory opinion but does not decide cases.
Judicial review in India : The power of Indian courts to assess whether laws and government actions comply with the Constitution. It enables the Court to invalidate unconstitutional laws and executive actions.
Collegium system : The judicially developed process through which senior judges recommend appointments and transfers of higher-court judges in India. It shapes how judges of the Supreme Court are appointed.
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