Surgery

Surgery is medical treatment in which operative procedures investigate or alter the body. It includes techniques ranging from open operations to minimally invasive procedures.

Anesthesia: A medically induced state that prevents pain and may reduce awareness during procedures. It makes many operations possible without pain or movement.
Appendectomy: Surgical removal of the appendix. It is a common operation for acute appendicitis.
Medical therapy: Treatment of disease using medicines and other nonoperative clinical interventions. It can treat the same conditions without an operation.
Surgical risk: The possibility of harm or complications associated with an operation and its anesthesia. Expected benefit must be weighed against the hazards of operating.
Aseptic technique: Practices that prevent contamination by disease-causing microorganisms. Sterile practice reduces the risk of infection during an operation.
Coronary artery bypass surgery: An operation that routes blood around obstructed coronary arteries using grafts. It restores blood flow when coronary artery disease limits circulation.
Interventional radiology: Image-guided procedures that diagnose or treat disease through small access points, often without open surgery. It offers minimally invasive alternatives for some conditions treated surgically.
Surgical site infection: An infection occurring at or near an incision after an operation. It is a preventable complication with consequences for recovery and health.
Surgical incision: A deliberate cut made through tissue to access structures inside the body. Incisions provide access while shaping tissue injury and later healing.
Organ transplantation: The transfer of an organ from a donor to a recipient. Transplant operations replace organs that cannot adequately perform their function.

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