Surgically created structures

Surgically created structures are anatomical connections or openings deliberately formed by an operation, often to reroute bodily flow, provide access, or restore continuity.

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Anastomosis: A connection formed between two tubular structures, such as blood vessels or sections of bowel. It names the connection surgeons create to restore or redirect flow between structures.
Colostomy: A surgically created opening of the colon through the abdominal wall. It creates a stoma that diverts stool when normal passage through the rectum is unavailable or unsuitable.
Wound healing: The biological process through which damaged tissue is repaired after injury or surgery. Healing seals incisions while preserving the intended connection or opening.
Ileal conduit: A urinary diversion that uses a segment of ileum to carry urine to an abdominal stoma. It combines a bowel segment, ureteral connections, and an external opening.
Parastomal hernia: A hernia in which abdominal contents protrude through the abdominal wall beside a stoma. It is a long-term complication arising around a surgically created abdominal opening.
Stoma: A surgically formed opening that connects an internal organ to the body surface. It is the characteristic opening used to divert digestive or urinary contents.
Ileostomy: A surgically created opening of the ileum through the abdominal wall. It is a digestive diversion formed from the small intestine rather than the colon.
Vascular remodeling: Structural changes in blood vessels caused by altered flow, pressure, or biological signals. An arteriovenous fistula changes flow and vessel caliber as it matures.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A bariatric operation that creates a small stomach pouch and reroutes small-intestinal continuity. Its reconstructed digestive path depends on multiple surgically created connections.
Short bowel syndrome: Malabsorption and related problems caused by insufficient functional small intestine. Some intestinal diversions and resections that create new routes leave too little absorptive bowel.