Swadeshi movement

The Swadeshi movement promoted Indian-made goods and boycotts of British imports as part of resistance to colonial rule, especially during Bengal’s anti-partition campaign.

Boycott of British goods: The organized refusal to buy goods produced or imported by Britain. Swadeshi made rejecting British imports a practical expression of resistance.
Curzon's partition of Bengal: The 1905 administrative division of Bengal ordered by Viceroy Lord Curzon. Its announcement provoked the protests that gave the movement its immediate impetus.
Surendranath Banerjee: An Indian nationalist and public speaker active in the anti-partition movement in Bengal. He helped organize mass meetings and protests against the 1905 partition.
Surat Split: The 1907 division within the Indian National Congress between moderates and the assertive nationalist faction. Disputes over boycott and political methods sharpened during the Swadeshi era and contributed to the split.
Home Rule movement: The Indian campaign of 1916–1918 for self-government within the British Empire. It sought constitutional self-government, unlike Swadeshi’s immediate focus on boycott and domestic production.
Khadi: Handspun and handwoven cloth associated with Indian self-reliance and anti-colonial politics. Hand-spinning and wearing Indian cloth gave the movement a visible alternative to imported textiles.
Indian National Congress: A political organization founded in 1885 that became a leading force in India’s independence struggle. Congress sessions endorsed boycott and Swadeshi as responses to Bengal’s partition.
Bipin Chandra Pal: An Indian nationalist who advocated assertive resistance and Swadeshi during the anti-partition campaign. He became one of the movement’s prominent advocates of boycott and national self-reliance.
Reversal of the Partition of Bengal: The British government's 1911 decision to reunite Bengal’s eastern and western divisions. The reversal followed years of opposition in which the Swadeshi campaign was central.
Quit India Movement: The 1942 mass campaign demanding an end to British rule in India. Its demand for immediate independence contrasts with Swadeshi’s campaign against partition and imported goods.

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