Swami Vivekananda

Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902) was an Indian Hindu monk and philosopher who presented Vedanta and Yoga to Western audiences and founded the Ramakrishna Mission.

Ramakrishna: A Bengali Hindu mystic whose teachings centered on devotion and the unity of religious paths. His spiritual teacher shaped Vivekananda’s religious outlook and inspired the movement he later organized.
Vedanta: A family of Hindu philosophical traditions grounded in the Upanishads and concerned with the nature of reality and liberation. Vivekananda presented Vedanta as a universal spiritual philosophy.
Ramakrishna Mission: A religious and philanthropic organization founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1897 to combine spiritual practice with social service. It carried his vision into education, healthcare, disaster relief, and religious teaching.
Sister Nivedita: An Irish teacher and writer who became a disciple of Vivekananda and worked in India as Sister Nivedita. She supported his educational aims and extended his influence in Indian public life.
Hindu reform movements: Modern movements that reinterpreted Hindu traditions in response to social change, colonialism, and religious debate. Vivekananda’s universalist presentation became a prominent strand of modern Hindu reform.
Narendra Nath Datta: The birth name of Swami Vivekananda, used before he adopted his monastic name. This earlier identity links his Kolkata upbringing to his later monastic life.
Advaita Vedanta: A Hindu philosophical school that teaches the ultimate nonduality of self and brahman. Its nondual ideas strongly informed Vivekananda’s account of spiritual unity.
Raja Yoga (book): A book by Swami Vivekananda, published in 1896, presenting his interpretation of Patanjali's Yoga Sutras. It introduced a systematic account of meditation and yoga philosophy to Western readers.
Sarada Devi: A Bengali Hindu spiritual teacher revered as the consort of Ramakrishna and the Holy Mother of the Ramakrishna movement. She was a central spiritual figure in the community surrounding Vivekananda and Ramakrishna.
Hindu nationalism: A political ideology that defines Indian national identity through Hindu cultural or religious belonging. Some later nationalist thinkers drew on Vivekananda’s language of Hindu strength and cultural renewal.

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