Tabinshwehti

Tabinshwehti was the second king of the Toungoo dynasty, ruling Burma from 1530 to 1550. His campaigns conquered Pegu and much of Lower Burma, laying foundations for a larger empire.

Toungoo dynasty: A Burmese royal dynasty that built a major empire in the sixteenth century. Tabinshwehti’s reign began the dynasty’s expansion beyond its Upper Burma base.
Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War: A series of sixteenth-century conflicts between the Toungoo kingdom and the Hanthawaddy kingdom of Lower Burma. This conflict supplied the decisive military setting for Tabinshwehti’s expansion.
Mingyi Nyo: The founder of the Toungoo kingdom, who ruled from 1486 to 1531. He was Tabinshwehti’s father and established the kingdom his son inherited.
Smim Sawhtut: A Mon military commander who served Tabinshwehti and later seized power at Pegu. His rebellion and killing of Tabinshwehti ended the king’s reign.
Pegu: A historic city in Lower Burma, now known as Bago, that served as a major Mon political center. Tabinshwehti captured Pegu in 1539 and made it his southern capital.
Hanthawaddy Kingdom: A Mon kingdom in Lower Burma, centered on Pegu and active from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. Its wealthy cities and armies were the main target of Tabinshwehti’s southern campaigns.
Ava Kingdom: A Burmese kingdom based at Ava that dominated Upper Burma for much of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Toungoo’s rise unfolded amid the decline of Ava’s authority over Upper Burma.
Shin Sawbu: A queen of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom who later ruled from Pegu between 1453 and 1472. Her earlier reign represents the Mon court whose political legacy shaped the kingdom Tabinshwehti conquered.
Bayinnaung: A Burmese king of the Toungoo dynasty who ruled from 1550 to 1581 and built a vast empire. His reign extended the imperial project that Tabinshwehti had begun.
Portuguese mercenaries: European soldiers who served as hired troops in Asian states during the early modern period. Portuguese gunners and soldiers strengthened Tabinshwehti’s forces during campaigns in Lower Burma.

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