Tafsir

Tafsir is the scholarly interpretation and explanation of the Quran. It draws on Arabic language, historical context, reports about revelation, and Islamic sources.

Quran: The central scripture of Islam, understood by Muslims as revelation from God to Muhammad. Tafsir explains the Quran’s wording, structure, and meaning.
Tafsir bi al-ma'thur: A method of Quranic interpretation that prioritizes transmitted reports from the Quran, Muhammad, and early Muslims. It grounds explanations in inherited textual and historical evidence.
Muhammad: The Arabian religious leader regarded by Muslims as the final prophet and recipient of the Quran. Reports of his explanations and actions became foundational evidence for Quranic interpretation.
Quran translation: A rendering of Quranic meaning into a language other than Arabic. Translation conveys meaning across languages, while tafsir can explain context and competing interpretations.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn: A concise Quran commentary begun by Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli and completed by Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti. Its compact explanations show how tafsir can make difficult wording accessible.
Arabic rhetoric: The study of persuasive and expressive effects produced by features of Arabic language. Rhetorical choices in Quranic Arabic shape how commentators interpret passages.
Tafsir bi al-ra'y: A method of Quranic interpretation that uses considered reasoning within the limits of Islamic learning. It shows how linguistic and legal reasoning can supplement transmitted reports.
Companions of the Prophet: The Muslims who knew Muhammad and supported his community during his lifetime. Their reports and interpretations became influential sources for early tafsir.
Ta'wil: Interpretation that draws out an underlying or non-apparent meaning, especially in theological discussions. Scholars have distinguished ta'wil from tafsir in different ways, though usage often overlaps.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir: A widely read medieval Quran commentary by the Syrian scholar Ibn Kathir. It illustrates a commentary style strongly oriented toward transmitted reports.

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