Taihō Code

The Taihō Code was a legal and administrative code promulgated in Japan in 701. It organized government and law on a model influenced by Tang China.

Ritsuryō: A system of ancient Japanese law and government organized through penal statutes and administrative regulations. The Taihō Code is a foundational example of this governing system.
Yōrō Code: A Japanese legal code compiled in 718 and promulgated in 757, revising the Taihō Code. Its surviving text preserves much of the earlier code's structure and provisions.
Empress Jitō: A Japanese ruler who reigned from 690 to 697 and continued the centralizing policies of Emperor Tenmu. Her government advanced the compilation of a comprehensive state code.
Nara: A Japanese city that served as the country's capital from 710 to 784. The code's administrative system operated from the new capital established soon after its promulgation.
Asuka Kiyomihara Code: A Japanese legal code promulgated in 689 under Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. It preceded the Taihō Code and supplied an earlier framework for central government.
Ritsuryō bureaucracy: The hierarchy of central and provincial offices through which Japan's ritsuryō state governed. The Taihō Code specified offices and administrative duties within this hierarchy.
Emperor Monmu: A Japanese emperor who reigned from 697 to 707 and promulgated the Taihō Code. The code was issued during his reign in 701.
Handen-shūju system: A system for periodically allocating public rice fields to registered households in ancient Japan. Ritsuryō administration used land allocation to link households and taxation to the state.
Taika Reform: A series of seventh-century Japanese political reforms that strengthened imperial authority and reorganized land and administration. Its centralizing ambitions anticipated the institutions formalized in 701.
Central government of Japan under the ritsuryō system: The ministries and offices that administered the Japanese state under ritsuryō law. The code arranged central ministries and assigned their functions.

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