Taika Reform

The Taika Reform was a program of political and administrative changes launched in Japan in 645. It sought to strengthen imperial authority and reorganize government, landholding, and taxation.

Ritsuryō: A system of centralized government and law in premodern Japan, organized through administrative codes. The reform is often treated as an early step toward the ritsuryō state.
Isshi Incident: The 645 coup in which Prince Naka no Ōe and Nakatomi no Kamatari helped overthrow the Soga leadership. The coup that began the reform program also transformed control of the court.
Yamato polity: The early Japanese state centered on the Yamato region and its ruling court. The reform attempted to strengthen the authority of this court across the archipelago.
Ōmi Code: A set of governmental and legal codes traditionally associated with Emperor Tenji’s reign in the late seventh century. It represents a later codification of administrative reforms begun after 645.
Handen-Shūju System: A system for allocating public rice land to registered people and reclaiming it after death. Land redistribution was a central element of the reform program.
Soga clan: A powerful Japanese aristocratic clan that dominated court politics during much of the sixth and seventh centuries. The reform followed the overthrow of Soga no Iruka and the weakening of his clan.
Uji-Kabane system: A system of hereditary clans and status titles that organized elite political authority in early Japan. The reform’s centralizing aims challenged power organized through hereditary clan standing.
Taihō Code: A comprehensive legal and administrative code promulgated in Japan in 701. It formalized a centralized order whose development the Taika Reform had helped initiate.
Koseki: A household registration system used by Japanese governments to record residents and organize obligations. Registries could identify households subject to land allocation and taxation.
Emperor Kōtoku: The 36th emperor of Japan, who reigned from 645 to 654. The reforms were announced during Kōtoku’s reign, when the court adopted a new governing era.

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