Knowra Tattvartha Sutra Tattvartha Sutra The Tattvartha Sutra is a foundational Jain philosophical text attributed to Umasvati, presenting Jain doctrine in concise aphorisms. It is revered across major Jain traditions.
Jiva : Jiva is the Jain principle of living, conscious substance, present in every soul. The sutra begins its account of reality by distinguishing living substance from nonliving substance.
Karma in Jainism : Karma in Jainism is subtle material substance that attaches to a soul and shapes its experiences and rebirths. The sutra treats karmic matter as the mechanism connecting action, bondage, and future experience.
Umasvati : Umasvati, also known as Umasvami, was an early Jain philosopher traditionally regarded as the author of the Tattvartha Sutra. Jain tradition associates him with the composition of this foundational text.
Ratnatraya : Ratnatraya, the three jewels of Jainism, are right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct. The sutra presents these three as the path to liberation.
Samayasara : Samayasara is a Digambara Jain philosophical work by Kundakunda that focuses on the soul’s pure nature. Its inward focus on the soul contrasts with the sutra’s compact survey of doctrine.
Ajiva : Ajiva is the Jain category of nonliving substances and entities, including matter, space, and time. It names the nonliving side of the sutra’s basic division of reality.
Asrava : Asrava is the influx of karmic matter into a soul, caused by activity and passions. It identifies how karma enters the soul in the sutra’s account of bondage.
Jain Agamas : The Jain Agamas are canonical scriptures preserved by different Jain traditions, with distinct collections among Śvetāmbara and Digambara communities. The sutra’s cross-traditional authority differs from the traditions’ divergent scriptural canons.
Ahimsa in Jainism : Ahimsa in Jainism is the principle of avoiding harm to living beings through thought, speech, and action. The sutra’s ethical framework makes restraint from harm part of right conduct.
Tattvartha Rajavartika : Tattvartha Rajavartika is a Sanskrit commentary on the Tattvartha Sutra by the Digambara philosopher Akalanka. This major commentary expands and defends the sutra’s aphorisms.
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