Technology transfer

Technology transfer is the movement of knowledge, methods, or inventions from research settings into practical use, often through licensing, collaboration, or new ventures.

Technology readiness level: A scale for estimating how far a technology has progressed from basic research toward operational use. Readiness assessments help identify the evidence and development needed before transfer.
Bayh–Dole Act: A 1980 United States law allowing universities and other institutions to retain rights to inventions arising from federally funded research. It strengthened institutional ownership and licensing as routes from research to commerce.
Niels Reimers: A Stanford University administrator who developed a model for licensing university inventions to industry. His licensing work helped establish practices later adopted by university transfer offices.
Agricultural extension: Systems that share agricultural knowledge and practical guidance with farmers and rural communities. Extension services transfer research findings directly into farming practices.
Knowledge transfer: The movement of knowledge between people, organizations, or communities, through formal or informal channels. Knowledge transfer is broader and need not involve a technology entering practical use.
Proof of concept: An early demonstration that an idea or technology can work in principle. A proof of concept can reduce uncertainty before a technology is licensed or developed.
University technology transfer office: An institutional office that manages research-related intellectual property and supports its development or licensing. These offices became a principal organizational bridge between academic research and industry.
Frederick Terman: A Stanford engineering professor and administrator who fostered industry ties and entrepreneurship around the university. His institution-building helped connect Stanford research with regional firms and startups.
Technology transfer in healthcare: The movement of health-related research, devices, and methods into clinical or public-health use. Healthcare transfer must connect research evidence with safety, regulation, and clinical adoption.
Technology commercialization: The process of developing and bringing a technology to market for commercial use. Commercialization is one possible outcome, while transfer can also serve public or nonprofit uses.

Linked from 28 pages