Telephony

Telephony is the technology and systems that transmit voice communication over distance, traditionally through telephone networks. It encompasses signaling, switching, transmission, and endpoint devices.

Telephone exchange: A switching system that connects telephone lines or circuits to establish calls. Exchanges route calls between subscribers and networks.
Telephone: A device that converts sound into signals for transmission and converts received signals back into sound. Telephone endpoints turn spoken conversation into network-compatible signals.
Alexander Graham Bell: A Scottish-born inventor and speech researcher associated with the early development of the telephone. Bell’s telephone patents and demonstrations helped launch commercial telephony.
Mobile telephony: Telephone service delivered through wireless networks to mobile devices. It extends telephone access beyond fixed lines and locations.
Telegraphy: The transmission of coded messages over distance using electrical or other signaling systems. Telegraphy sent encoded text, while telephony was designed for live voice.
Signaling System No. 7: A signaling protocol suite used by telephone networks to establish, manage, and end calls. It carries network-control messages separately from the voice path.
Microphone: A transducer that converts sound waves into an electrical or digital signal. A telephone microphone captures the caller’s speech for transmission.
Elisha Gray: An American inventor whose work on electrical signaling included a telephone design developed in 1876. Gray’s near-contemporary telephone work illuminates the contested beginnings of the technology.
Cellular network: A wireless communications system that divides territory into cells served by base stations. Cellular infrastructure supports mobile calls as devices move between coverage areas.
Radio communication: Communication that transmits information through electromagnetic waves without a continuous physical conductor. Radio offers a transmission medium that differs from telephone networks’ wired origins.

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