Television ratings

Television ratings are estimates of how many people watch a program or channel, usually derived from sampled households or measured viewing data.

Audience measurement: The collection and analysis of data about who consumes media and how. Television ratings are one form of audience measurement, focused on television viewing.
Rating point: A unit representing one percent of a defined population or audience universe. A program's rating expresses its audience as a share of the population being measured.
Television advertising: Paid promotional messages broadcast on television. Advertisers use ratings to estimate how many people their spots may reach.
Television Nielsen ratings controversy: Disputes over the accuracy, coverage, and commercial use of Nielsen television audience estimates. Ratings controversies expose how measurement errors can affect broadcasters and advertisers.
Cross-platform measurement: The measurement of media audiences across multiple devices, services, and distribution platforms. It seeks to combine television viewing with audiences watching the same content elsewhere.
People meter: An electronic device that records when household members watch television. People meters can identify which individuals in a measured household are watching.
Television share: The percentage of television households or people using television that are tuned to a particular program. Share uses active television viewers as its denominator, unlike a rating.
Media buying: The purchase of advertising placements across media outlets and schedules. Buyers compare ratings when selecting programs and negotiating television ad placements.
Television audience fragmentation: The distribution of viewers across an increasing number of channels and platforms. Fragmented viewing makes a single program's audience harder to capture with traditional ratings.
Automatic content recognition: Technology that identifies media content by analyzing audio or visual signals from a device. It can measure viewing across sources that traditional television panels may not capture.

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