Temperance movement

The temperance movement is a social movement advocating reduced or no alcohol consumption, often through laws restricting or prohibiting alcoholic beverages.

Second Great Awakening: A Protestant revival movement that swept the United States from the late eighteenth through the early nineteenth century. Its calls for moral reform helped mobilize early American temperance advocates.
Total abstinence: The practice of consuming no alcohol at all. It became a defining personal commitment in many temperance campaigns.
Frances Willard: An American educator and reformer who led the Woman's Christian Temperance Union from 1879 to 1898. She broadened the union’s agenda and made it a major national political organization.
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution: The 1919 amendment that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors in the United States. It enacted the national prohibition sought by temperance campaigners.
Alcoholic beverage industry: The businesses that produce and sell beer, wine, and distilled spirits. Its economic interests directly opposed laws that would restrict alcohol sales.
American Temperance Society: A national organization founded in 1826 to promote abstinence from distilled spirits. It turned scattered American temperance efforts into a mass organizing campaign.
Temperance pledge: A written or spoken commitment to abstain from, or limit, alcoholic drinks. Pledges gave campaigns a direct way to turn persuasion into individual commitments.
Carry A. Nation: An American prohibitionist known for attacking saloons with a hatchet in the early twentieth century. Her dramatic direct action made saloon opposition highly visible.
Volstead Act: The 1919 federal law that defined and enforced the Eighteenth Amendment’s restrictions on intoxicating liquor. It translated constitutional prohibition into federal enforcement rules.
Saloon: A public establishment that sells alcoholic drinks for on-premises consumption, especially in the United States during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Saloons became prominent targets of temperance campaigns and political organizing.

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