Ten Commandments

The Ten Commandments are biblical laws presented as words spoken by God to Moses. They form a foundational covenant code in Judaism and Christianity, with wording and numbering that vary across traditions.

Mount Sinai: A mountain in the biblical account where God makes a covenant with Israel and gives Moses the commandments. The commandments are given to Moses at Sinai in the covenant narrative.
Torah: The foundational Jewish teaching and law, especially the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. The commandments form part of the Torah’s larger body of instruction.
Jewish enumeration of the Ten Commandments: The Jewish division of the biblical commandments, counting the opening declaration about God as the first commandment. It differs from Christian schemes over which statements count as separate commandments.
Shabbat: The Jewish Sabbath, observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening as a day of rest and holiness. The command to keep the Sabbath is central to Jewish practice and interpretation.
Ethics: The philosophical study of right and wrong conduct and the values that guide action. The commandments are often treated as a foundational statement of moral duties.
Exodus: The biblical account of Israel’s departure from Egypt and journey toward a covenant with God. Its narrative places the giving of the commandments after Israel’s escape from Egypt.
Biblical law: The legal rules and requirements found in the Bible’s scriptural traditions. The commandments are a concise and influential part of biblical law.
Catholic enumeration of the Ten Commandments: The Catholic division of the commandments, combining prohibitions of other gods and images while separating coveting into two commands. Its numbering differs from Jewish and many Protestant arrangements despite shared scriptural sources.
Idolatry: The worship of images or created things as divine, condemned in biblical religious traditions. Commands concerning other gods and images have shaped Jewish and Christian debates about worship.
Christianity: A monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Christian traditions inherit the commandments while interpreting them through their scriptures and theology.

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