Ten Great Campaigns

The Ten Great Campaigns were ten Qing military expeditions fought between 1755 and 1792 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, aimed at expanding or securing imperial control.

Dzungar conquest: The Qing conquest that destroyed the Dzungar Khanate and established control over Dzungaria and the Tarim Basin. Its completion in 1759 accounts for two major campaigns in the traditional tally.
Qianlong Emperor: The Qing emperor who ruled from 1735 to 1796 and presided over the empire's eighteenth-century expansion. He sponsored the campaigns and later presented them as proof of imperial achievement.
Qing military logistics: The systems for supplying Qing armies with troops, weapons, food, transport, and information. Distance and terrain made supply decisive in campaigns from Burma to Central Asia.
Xinjiang: A region in northwest China encompassing the Tarim Basin and Dzungaria, incorporated into the Qing Empire in the eighteenth century. The Dzungar campaigns brought the region under Qing control.
Jinchuan campaigns: Two costly Qing wars against Tibetan-speaking polities in the Jinchuan region of western Sichuan. These campaigns were among the most demanding operations in Qianlong's list.
Qing dynasty: China's last imperial dynasty, ruled by the Manchu Aisin-Gioro house from 1644 to 1912. The campaigns were operations of Qing state expansion and frontier defense.
Mongolian cavalry: Mounted forces recruited from Mongolian communities and incorporated into Qing military service. Their mobility supported operations across the steppe and Inner Asian frontiers.
Dzungar genocide: The mass killing and destruction of Dzungar people during the Qing conquest of the Dzungar Khanate. The conquest's human cost complicates celebratory accounts of imperial victory.
Taiwan expedition (1787–1788): The Qing military expedition that suppressed the Lin Shuangwen uprising in Taiwan. It is one of the later campaigns included in the traditional count.
Eight Banners: The hereditary military and social organization through which the Qing ruling elite mobilized banner forces. Banner troops formed a central part of the forces deployed in several campaigns.

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