Term limit

A legal restriction on how many terms or how long a person may serve in a particular elected or appointed office. It may be continuous or allow a return after a break.

Presidential term limit: A legal cap on the number or length of terms a person may serve as president. Presidents are frequent targets of limits because they hold concentrated executive power.
Incumbency advantage: The electoral and institutional benefits enjoyed by a person who already holds an office. Term limits remove some incumbents before challengers can defeat them at the polls.
Mandatory retirement: A rule requiring a person to leave a role after reaching a specified age or service threshold. It ends tenure by a fixed threshold rather than limiting successive electoral terms.
Twenty-second Amendment: The 1951 amendment to the United States Constitution that limits a person to two presidential elections. It established the United States' presidential limit after Franklin D. Roosevelt's four elections.
Consecutive term limit: A rule that bars service beyond a set number of successive terms but may permit a later return. This design creates a cooling-off period rather than permanent ineligibility.
Legislative turnover: The replacement of legislators as elections and departures bring new members into a legislature. Mandatory departures increase turnover, even when voters would reelect current members.
Recall election: An election that allows voters to remove an officeholder before the end of a term. Recall lets voters judge continued service instead of imposing an advance tenure cap.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: The 32nd president of the United States, elected to four terms and serving from 1933 until his death in 1945. His unprecedented four elections prompted the constitutional limit on presidential reelection.
Lifetime term limit: A rule that permanently bars a person from an office after a specified total number of terms. Unlike consecutive limits, it counts service across an entire career.
Political accountability: The ability of the public and institutions to hold political officials responsible for their conduct. Limits can reduce dependence on voters while also restricting their choice of representatives.

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