The Blitz

The Blitz was Germany’s sustained bombing campaign against Britain from September 1940 to May 1941, targeting London and other cities in an effort to weaken British resistance.

Strategic bombing: Military attacks on an enemy’s capacity or will to wage war, conducted beyond the immediate battlefield. The Blitz was a sustained attempt to damage Britain’s war-making capacity and morale from the air.
Battle of France: The 1940 German invasion and defeat of France and its allies in western Europe. France’s defeat left Britain isolated and exposed to German air attack.
Winston Churchill: British prime minister from 1940 to 1945 and a central wartime leader. His speeches framed resistance to the raids as part of Britain’s wider struggle.
The Blitz of London: The German bombing of London, especially the raids from September 1940 through May 1941. London endured the longest and most prominent phase of the campaign.
The Blitz spirit: A British cultural idea of shared resilience and solidarity during wartime bombing. The phrase captures a prominent public interpretation of civilian endurance under attack.
Luftwaffe: The German air force from 1935 to 1945. Its aircraft and crews carried out the campaign’s raids.
Operation Sea Lion: Germany’s planned invasion of Britain in 1940, which was never carried out. The invasion plan depended on air superiority that the Luftwaffe failed to establish.
Hermann Göring: A leading Nazi official and commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe during the Second World War. He directed the air force whose campaign against Britain failed to force surrender.
Coventry Blitz: The devastating German air raid on Coventry on the night of 14–15 November 1940. The raid killed hundreds and became one of the campaign’s defining attacks outside London.
Anderson shelter: A corrugated-steel air-raid shelter designed for installation in the gardens of British homes. Millions of households used these shelters to seek protection during raids.

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