Creation

Creation is the act or process by which God or another ultimate source brings the universe into existence. Traditions differ on whether it occurs from nothing, from preexisting matter, or through an ongoing divine presence.

Creatio ex nihilo: The doctrine that God created the universe without using preexisting matter. It makes creation an absolute beginning rather than the shaping of prior material.
Genesis creation narrative: The account of creation in Genesis, describing God's formation of the world and its inhabitants. Its two opening chapters anchor Jewish and Christian discussions of creation.
Cosmogony: An account or theory of the origin and development of the universe. Creation narratives are religious forms of cosmogony.
Creationism: The belief that the universe and life originated through divine creation, often in opposition to evolutionary explanations. It applies creation claims to disputes about life's origins and scientific teaching.
Emanationism: The view that reality flows from an ultimate source through successive levels of being. Unlike a discrete act of making, creation proceeds as an outflow from the divine.
Enuma Elish: A Babylonian epic in which Marduk defeats Tiamat and orders the cosmos from her body. This creation epic provides a Mesopotamian account of cosmic order emerging through conflict.
Theology of creation: The study of how religious traditions understand the world's origin, dependence, and relation to God. It examines creation as a continuing relation between God and the world, not only a beginning.
Evolutionary creation: The view that God creates through the evolutionary processes described by science. It reconciles divine creation with biological evolution rather than treating them as rivals.
Steady-state model: A cosmological model in which the universe expands while maintaining constant average density through continuous matter creation. It offers a scientific alternative to a universe with a single beginning.
Rigveda: The oldest collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns, including hymns that contemplate cosmic origins. Its Nasadiya Sukta leaves the universe's beginning strikingly uncertain.

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