The Crown

The Crown is the enduring legal personification of the British state and its governing authority, distinct from the monarch who embodies it at any given time.

Crown prerogative: Executive powers formally vested in the Crown and generally exercised by ministers under constitutional convention. It is the principal source of executive powers exercised in the Crown’s name.
Corporation sole: A legal entity consisting of a single office occupied by successive individuals, allowing rights and duties to continue over time. It helps explain legal continuity across successive holders of the Crown.
Monarchy of the United Kingdom: The hereditary institution headed by the British monarch, whose constitutional role is distinct from the Crown as a legal personification. The monarchy is the institution; the Crown is the state authority it embodies.
Norman Conquest: The conquest of England by William, Duke of Normandy, beginning with his victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Norman rule strengthened centralized royal government from which later Crown institutions developed.
Royal assent: The formal approval by the monarch that completes the enactment of a bill as law. It shows how legislation receives the Crown’s formal sanction while ministers govern.
Constitutional monarchy: A system in which a monarch serves as head of state under constitutional limits. The Crown operates within Britain’s constitutional monarchy.
British royal family: The family of the monarch and other members of the British royal house. Family membership does not itself confer the Crown’s legal authority.
Magna Carta: A charter sealed by King John in 1215 that asserted limits on royal power and established protections for certain subjects. It represents an early challenge to treating royal authority as unconstrained personal rule.
Crown copyright: A copyright category applying to works made by or under the direction or control of the Crown. It demonstrates the Crown’s distinct legal status in a specific area of law.
Sovereignty of Parliament: The constitutional principle that the UK Parliament can make or repeal any law and that courts cannot invalidate its legislation. It defines the Crown’s place within a constitution where Parliament holds legislative supremacy.

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