Themistocles

Themistocles was an Athenian statesman and naval commander who strengthened Athens’s fleet and helped defeat the Persian invasion at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BCE.

Aristides: An Athenian statesman and general, Aristides was a political rival of Themistocles before serving in the Persian Wars. His rivalry with Themistocles ended in cooperation against Persia.
Athenian navy: The naval forces maintained by Athens, which became a major instrument of its military power in the fifth century BCE. The fleet was the force Themistocles built to resist Persia.
Battle of Salamis: A naval battle in 480 BCE in which Greek forces defeated the Persian fleet near the island of Salamis. Themistocles helped bring about the battle and was central to its Greek strategy.
Long Walls: The defensive walls connecting Athens to its ports at Phaleron and Piraeus. Themistocles promoted these connections to protect Athens’s access to the sea.
Xerxes I: The Persian king who invaded Greece in 480 BCE, leading the campaign that culminated at Salamis. Themistocles’s strategy was directed against Xerxes’s invasion fleet.
Laurion silver mines: Silver mines in southeastern Attica that supplied Athens with a major source of public revenue. Themistocles persuaded Athenians to spend mining revenue on ships.
Battle of Artemisium: A series of naval engagements in 480 BCE between Greek and Persian fleets near Euboea. Themistocles and the Athenian fleet fought here before the decisive action at Salamis.
Athenian Empire: The maritime alliance and sphere of Athenian power that developed from the Delian League in the fifth century BCE. The naval capacity he fostered helped make Athenian maritime dominance possible.
Eurybiades: The Spartan commander-in-chief of the Greek fleet during the campaign that included the Battle of Salamis. Themistocles persuaded this Greek fleet commander to fight at Salamis.
Trireme: An ancient warship propelled by three banks of oars and used widely by Greek naval forces. Triremes formed the fleet central to Themistocles’s naval policy.

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